Semen Quality and Reproductive Performance of Three Nigerian Local Chicken Ecotypes: Insights for Genetic Improvement and Breeding Strategies

Abstract

This study evaluated the semen quality and fertility performance of three Nigerian local chicken ecotypes: Normal feathered (NF), Naked neck (NN), and Ruffle feathered (RF). Semen samples were collected weekly over four weeks from five roosters per ecotype, pooled per group, and assessed for volume, motility, and biochemical parameters, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK). The semen was subsequently inseminated into groups of ten hens of corresponding ecotypes. Results revealed significant differences among ecotypes, with NN showing superior semen volume (0.38 ± 0.04 mL) and motility (81.5 ± 2.8 %), while RF exhibited the lowest values. Biochemical analysis indicated that LDH and CK activities were positively correlated with semen quality traits, suggesting their role in supporting sperm metabolism. Fertility rates reflected the semen quality trends, with NN achieving the highest hatchability (85%), followed by NF (76%) and RF (68%). Correlation analysis revealed moderate to strong positive associations between semen quality parameters and biochemical markers (r = 0.59–0.88). This underscores their potential for use as selection criteria for reproductive improvement. These findings provide insights into the reproductive physiology of Nigerian indigenous chickens and offer valuable guidance for genetic improvement and sustainable poultry production in resource-limited settings.